MSC2020's 54, 55 and 57 blocks: the properties a space keeps under continuous stretching and bending, without tearing. Belongs here: topology, algebraic topology, which uses algebraic invariants to tell spaces apart, and knot theory, the topology of closed loops in three-dimensional space. Does not belong here: differential or discrete geometry, grouped under Geometry, where exact distance and curvature matter.
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Era Of Emergence All Topology
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1. Wikipedia: Topology
Wikimedia FoundationHistory sectionQuote, History section
In 1895, he published his ground-breaking paper on Analysis Situs, which introduced the concepts now known as homotopy and homology, which are now considered part of algebraic topology.
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