Named numbers, sequences and number-theoretic functions studied as individual objects. Belongs here: the Fibonacci Sequence and the Golden Ratio it converges toward; the Gaussian Integers, the ring of complex numbers with integer real and imaginary parts; the Riemann Zeta Function, whose zeros are the subject of the Riemann Hypothesis. Does not belong here: the general theory of numbers, the branch entity Number Theory, and algebraic structures whose interest is primarily group- or lattice-theoretic rather than number-theoretic, such as the E8 Lattice, filed under Algebra above because that is the cluster its own live SubLabel already carries.
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Sources
1. Number Theory (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHistory sectionQuote, History section
The earliest historical find of an arithmetical nature is the Plimpton 322, dated c. 1800 BC.
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