Mathematics Atlas

How Proof Is Made
Sign In
Text size
100%
Theme
Mathematician

Peter Guthrie Tait

Modern

Scottish mathematical physicist (1831-1901) who, with chemist Alexander Crum Brown, produced the first systematic tables of alternating knots (1876-77) at Lord Kelvin's urging -- work that followed, rather than merely illustrated, Tait's own 1867 smoke-ring demonstration of Helmholtz's vortex-ring theory, the experiment that had inspired Kelvin's vortex atom theory in the first place. Also a leading expositor of quaternions and, with Kelvin, co-author of the Treatise on Natural Philosophy.

Facts
Birth Date
1831-04-28 2
Birth Year
1831 2
Death Date
1901-07-04 2
Death Year
1901 2
Birthplace
Dalkeith, Midlothian, Scotland 2
Death Place
Edinburgh, Scotland 2
Nationality / Culture
Scottish 2
Defining Contribution
Built the smoke-ring apparatus that experimentally verified Helmholtz's 1858 vortex-ring theory in 1867, the demonstration that inspired Lord Kelvin's vortex atom theory; Kelvin then urged Tait, with Alexander Crum Brown, to classify knots as a framework for that theory, producing the first systematic tables of alternating knots up to 11 crossings (1876-77) by geometric intuition Tait himself called "tentative," yet accurate. Foundational to knot theory as a mathematical discipline, independent of the vortex atom theory itself, which was later abandoned. 2
Notable Work
Elementary Treatise on Quaternions (1867) 1
Notable Work
First systematic tables of alternating knots to 11 crossings (1876-77); the three Tait conjectures on alternating knots later drawn from this work, all eventually proven, the last (the flyping conjecture) in 1991 1
Notable Work
Treatise on Natural Philosophy (1867, with Lord Kelvin) 1
Award
Keith Medal (1867-69) 1
Award
Royal Medal (1886) 1
Award
Smith's Prize (1852, senior wrangler and first Smith's prizeman) 1
Biography
Gender
Male 1
Connections

Associated With

Source Peter Guthrie Tait, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)

In Branch

In the Other Atlases

Nationality

Also in Geography Atlas: the nationality of this subject.

Sources
1. Peter Guthrie Tait (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationLead section, gender reference
Quote, Lead section, gender reference
He is best known for the mathematical physics textbook Treatise on Natural Philosophy, which he co-wrote with Lord Kelvin, and his early investigations into knot theory.
View the Source
2. Peter Guthrie Tait, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews

Take a Related Quiz

Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.
Reader Challenges (0)
No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.