All Mathematical Physics, Biology and Game Theory

Named mathematical models built to describe a physical, biological or strategic system, studied here as the model itself rather than as the physics, biology or game it describes. Belongs here: the Ising Model, the lattice model of interacting magnetic spins that became the standard toy model for phase transitions and is studied today as a mathematical object independent of the ferromagnets that first motivated it. Does not belong here: the underlying physical, biological or game-theoretic subject matter itself, which is out of this atlas's own scope or belongs to a branch or concept entity rather than a named mathematical object; and purely probabilistic constructions with no physical, biological or game-theoretic motivation, such as the Normal Distribution or a Markov Chain, filed under Probability and Statistics above because that is the cluster their own live SubLabel places them in.