Mathematics Atlas

How Proof Is Made
Sign In
Text size
100%
Theme
Theorem

Immerman-Szelepcsenyi Theorem

Logic and Foundations

The Immerman-Szelepcsenyi Theorem, proved independently by Neil Immerman and Robert Szelepcsenyi in 1987, states that nondeterministic space complexity classes are closed under complementation, so NSPACE of s(n) equals co-NSPACE of s(n) for any function s(n) of at least logarithmic size, and in particular that the class NL equals co-NL. The result resolved the long-standing second LBA problem and introduced the proof technique of inductive counting, and both authors received the 1995 Godel Prize for the work; no comparable result is known for time complexity classes.

Facts
Statement
Nondeterministic space complexity classes are closed under complementation: NSPACE(s(n)) = co-NSPACE(s(n)) for s(n) at least log n, in particular NL = co-NL. 1
Proof Year
1987 1
Classification
Statement Form
Inequality 1
Statement Form
Identity or Equation 1
Connections

Has Statement Form

Equation, Concepts

Entity-backed identity for the statement-form enum value this theorem already carries, resolved to a mathematics concept by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The statement-form fact itself stays on the theorem unchanged.

Identity, Concepts

Entity-backed identity for the statement-form enum value this theorem already carries, resolved to a mathematics concept by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The statement-form fact itself stays on the theorem unchanged.

Inequality, Concepts

Entity-backed identity for the statement-form enum value this theorem already carries, resolved to a mathematics concept by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The statement-form fact itself stays on the theorem unchanged.

In Branch

Source Immerman-Szelepcsenyi theorem, Wikipedia
Sources
1. Immerman-Szelepcsenyi theorem, Wikipedia
  • Lead paragraph, statement
    nondeterministic space complexity classes are closed under complementation.
  • Lead paragraph, attribution
    was proven independently by Neil Immerman and Róbert Szelepcsényi in 1987.
  • In Branch: Computational Complexity Theory, Lead sentence
View the Source
Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.
Reader Challenges (0)
No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.