Mathematics Atlas

How Proof Is Made
Atlas Trail

The Millennium Prize Problems: Seven Problems, One Solved

7 stops

In 2000 the Clay Mathematics Institute named seven problems it considered the deepest open questions in mathematics, and put a million dollars on each one. Only one has fallen since: Grigori Perelman's proof of the Poincare Conjecture, a prize he refused to collect. This trail visits all seven, the one that is settled and the six that still are not.

Stop 1 of 7.
Theorems

The one Millennium Prize Problem that is solved: Henri Poincare's 1904 question about three dimensional spheres, closed by Grigori Perelman in 2003, and the prize he declined to accept.

Stop 2 of 7.
Conjectures

Widely called the most important unsolved problem in pure mathematics: where do the zeros of the Riemann zeta function really lie?

Stop 3 of 7.
Conjectures

Is every problem whose solution is easy to check also easy to solve? A question that shapes what computers can and cannot do quickly.

Stop 4 of 7.
Conjectures

Found experimentally on an early Cambridge computer in the 1960s: a bridge between an elliptic curve's rational points and its L-function.

Stop 5 of 7.
Conjectures

Posed in 1950: does the topology of a complex algebraic variety always come from actual algebraic subvarieties?

Stop 6 of 7.
Conjectures

The equations that describe how water and air actually flow, written in the nineteenth century; whether their solutions always behave, nobody yet knows.

Stop 7 of 7.
Conjectures

Physics has measured the mass gap in experiment and simulation for decades; mathematics still cannot derive it from first principles.

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