Mathematician
Emmy Noether
NER-ter (German Noether, the umlaut vowel close to the "ur" in "further")
Modern
German mathematician Albert Einstein called the most significant creative mathematical genius produced since women began higher education. Working at Gottingen for years without pay or formal faculty rank, owing to institutional resistance to women academics, she transformed abstract algebra by developing the general theory of ideals and rings that underlies the subject today. In 1915 she proved what is now called Noether's theorem, showing that every continuous symmetry of a physical system corresponds to a conserved quantity, a result foundational to modern theoretical physics as much as to mathematics. Dismissed from her Gottingen position in 1933 as Jewish under Nazi racial laws, she emigrated to the United States and taught at Bryn Mawr College until her death two years later.
Facts
BirthplaceErlangen, German Empire 2 Death PlaceBryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States, of complications after surgery 2 Nationality / CultureGerman (emigrated to the United States, 1933) 2 Defining ContributionNoether's theorem, linking continuous symmetries to conservation laws in physics; the abstract theory of rings and ideals that reshaped modern algebra. 3 Notable WorkInvariante Variationsprobleme (1918, the paper proving Noether's theorem) 3 Connections
Associated With
Source Ring, Mathematics (Wikipedia)
Source MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
Attributed Works
Source Ring, Mathematics (Wikipedia)
In Branch
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica, Mathematics
Namesake Of
Proofs Credited
Source Albert-Brauer-Hasse-Noether theorem (Wikipedia)
Source Noether's second theorem, Wikipedia
Source Wikipedia: Noether's Theorem
In the Other Atlases
Same As
Also in Science Atlas: the same subject.
Nationality
Also in Geography Atlas: the nationality of this subject.
Source Wikipedia: Emmy Noethertier 2
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Emmy Noether
WikipediaLead section, gender referenceQuote, Lead section, gender reference
As one of the leading mathematicians of her time, she developed theories of rings, fields, and algebras.
2. MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
University of St Andrews, School of Mathematics and StatisticsAssociated With: Symmetry, https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Noether_Emmy/Quote, Associated With: Symmetry, https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Noether_Emmy/
To every infinitesimal transformation of the Lorentz group there corresponds a Conservation Theorem.
3. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Mathematics
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Ring, Mathematics (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Ring (Abstract Algebra), History section
In 1921, Emmy Noether gave a modern axiomatic definition of commutative rings (with and without 1) and developed the foundations of commutative ring theory in her paper Idealtheorie in Ringbereichen.
Attributed Works: Ring (Abstract Algebra), Lead section
key contributions by Richard Dedekind, David Hilbert, Abraham Fraenkel, and Emmy Noether
View the Source Wikipedia: Noether's Theorem
Albert-Brauer-Hasse-Noether theorem (Wikipedia)
Proofs Credited: Albert-Brauer-Hasse-Noether Theorem, Lead paragraphQuote, Proofs Credited: Albert-Brauer-Hasse-Noether Theorem, Lead paragraph
proved independently by Richard Brauer, Helmut Hasse, and Emmy Noether
Noether's second theorem, Wikipedia
Proofs Credited: Noether's Second Theorem, LeadQuote, Proofs Credited: Noether's Second Theorem, Lead
The theorem is named after its discoverer, Emmy Noether.
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