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Complex Analysis

Analysis

Complex analysis, traditionally known as the theory of functions of a complex variable, is the branch of mathematical analysis that studies complex valued functions of one or more complex variables. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Facts
Central Question
Which functions of a complex variable are holomorphic, differentiable in the complex sense, and what unusual rigidity does that single condition force on such a function's behavior. 1
Key Debate
Bernhard Riemann's use of the Dirichlet principle to prove foundational results in complex analysis was challenged when Karl Weierstrass published a 1870 counterexample showing the principle's underlying assumption could fail, undermining Riemann's reasoning until David Hilbert rehabilitated the method in 1900. 2
Classification
Pure or Applied
Both / Interdisciplinary 1
Connections

Associated With

Includes

Abel's Test, Theorems
Source Abel's test, Wikipedia
Source Complex Analysis (Wikipedia)
Source Wolfram MathWorld: Barnes G-Function
Source Complex Analysis (Wikipedia)
Source Bloch's theorem (complex analysis) (Wikipedia)
Source Borel-Caratheodory theorem - Wikipedia
Source Brennan Conjecture (Wikipedia)
Source Casorati-Weierstrass theorem (Wikipedia)
Source Complex Number (Wikipedia)
Source Wolfram MathWorld: Complex Plane
Source Wikipedia: Constantin Carathéodory
Source Denjoy-Wolff theorem (Wikipedia)
Source Edmund Landau, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
Source MacTutor biography of Édouard Goursat, St Andrews
Source Ernst Leonard Lindelöf (Wikipedia)
Source Eugenio Elia Levi (Wikipedia)
Source MacTutor biography of Felix Klein, St Andrews
Source Gauss-Lucas theorem (Wikipedia)
Source George Pólya (Wikipedia)
Source Goodman's Conjecture (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Gösta Mittag-Leffler
Source Hadamard three-lines theorem, Wikipedia
Source Hermann Hankel, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
Source Hermann Schwarz (Wikipedia)
Source Theta function (Wikipedia)
Source Joseph Liouville (Wikipedia)
Source Joukowsky transform (Wikipedia)
Source Karl Weierstrass, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
Source Mergelyan's theorem (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Mittag-Leffler's theorem
Source Möbius Transformation (Wikipedia)
Source Modular Lambda Function (Wikipedia)
Source Montel's theorem (Wikipedia)
Source Morera's theorem, Wikipedia
Source Paul Koebe, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
Source Phragmen-Lindelof principle (Wikipedia)
Source Resolvent Formalism (Wikipedia)
Source Riemann Sphere (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Riemann surface
Source Wolfram MathWorld: Riemann's Removable Singularity Theorem -- from Wolfram MathWorld
Source Runge's Theorem (Wikipedia)
Source Wolfram MathWorld: Schwarz Reflection Principle
Source Siméon Denis Poisson (Wikipedia)
Source Walther von Dyck, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
Source Weierstrass preparation theorem, Wikipedia
Sources
1. Complex Analysis (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia
  • lead paragraph
    Complex analysis, traditionally known as the theory of functions of a complex variable, is the branch of mathematical analysis that studies complex-valued functions of one or more complex variables.
  • Holomorphic functions section
    Complex analysis primarily studies holomorphic functions, which are differentiable functions of a complex variable.
  • Lead section, pure or applied classification
    It also has applications in engineering fields, such as nuclear, aerospace, mechanical, and electrical engineering.
  • Includes: Bernhard Riemann, History section
    Important mathematicians associated with complex numbers include Euler, Gauss, Riemann, Cauchy, Weierstrass, and many more in the 20th century.
  • Includes: Augustin-Louis Cauchy, History section
    Important mathematicians associated with complex numbers include Euler, Gauss, Riemann, Cauchy, Weierstrass, and many more in the 20th century.
View the Source
2. Dirichlet Principle (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHistory section
Quote, History section
Karl Weierstrass published the first criticism of this assumption in 1870, giving an example of a functional that has a greatest lower bound which is not a minimum value.
View the Source
Karl Weierstrass, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St AndrewsIncludes: Karl Weierstrass, Opening summary
Quote, Includes: Karl Weierstrass, Opening summary
Karl Weierstrass is best known for his construction of the theory of complex functions by means of power series.
View the Source
Complex Number (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Complex Number, Complex analysis section
Quote, Includes: Complex Number, Complex analysis section
The study of functions of a complex variable is known as complex analysis
View the Source
Riemann Sphere (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Riemann SphereView the Source
Theta function (Wikipedia)
Includes: Jacobi Theta Function, Lead
Quote, Includes: Jacobi Theta Function, Lead
theta functions are special functions of several complex variables
View the Source
Modular Lambda Function (Wikipedia)
Includes: Modular lambda function, Lead
Quote, Includes: Modular lambda function, Lead
is a highly symmetric holomorphic function on the complex upper half-plane
View the Source
Montel's theorem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Montel's Theorem, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Montel's Theorem, Lead sentence
In complex analysis, an area of mathematics, Montel's theorem refers to one of two theorems about families of holomorphic function
View the Source
Hadamard three-lines theorem, Wikipedia
Includes: Hadamard Three-Lines Theorem, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Hadamard Three-Lines Theorem, Lead sentence
In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, the Hadamard three-line theorem is a result about the behaviour of holomorphic funct
View the Source
Resolvent Formalism (Wikipedia)
Includes: Resolvent Formalism, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Resolvent Formalism, Lead sentence
rmalism is a technique for applying concepts from complex analysis to the study of the spectrum of operators on Banach spaces and
View the Source
Casorati-Weierstrass theorem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Casorati-Weierstrass Theorem, Lead sentenceView the Source
Borel-Caratheodory theorem - Wikipedia
Includes: Borel-Caratheodory Theorem, Lead sentenceView the Source
Brennan Conjecture (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Brennan Conjecture, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Brennan Conjecture, Lead sentence
In mathematics, specifically complex analysis, the Brennan conjecture is a conjecture estimating (under specified conditions) the
View the Source
Goodman's Conjecture (Wikipedia)
Includes: Goodman's Conjecture, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Goodman's Conjecture, Lead sentence
ficients of multivalent functions was proposed in complex analysis in 1948 by Adolph Winkler Goodman, an American mathematician.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Riemann surface
Includes: Riemann Surface, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Riemann Surface, Lead sentence
In mathematics, particularly in complex analysis, a Riemann surface is a connected one-dimensional complex manifold.
View the Source
Runge's Theorem (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Runge's Theorem, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Runge's Theorem, Lead sentence
In complex analysis, Runge's theorem (also known as Runge's approximation theorem) is named after the German mathematician Carl Ru
View the Source
Wikipedia: Mittag-Leffler's theorem
WikipediaIncludes: Mittag-Leffler Theorem, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Mittag-Leffler Theorem, Lead sentence
In complex analysis, Mittag-Leffler's theorem concerns the existence of meromorphic functions with prescribed poles.
View the Source
Morera's theorem, Wikipedia
Includes: Morera's Theorem, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Morera's Theorem, Lead sentence
In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, Morera's theorem, named after Giacinto Morera, gives a criterion for proving that a
View the Source
Phragmen-Lindelof principle (Wikipedia)
Includes: Phragmen-Lindelof Principle, Lead sentenceView the Source
Denjoy-Wolff theorem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Denjoy-Wolff Theorem, Lead sentenceView the Source
Mergelyan's theorem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Mergelyan's Theorem, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Mergelyan's Theorem, Lead sentence
is a result from approximation by polynomials in complex analysis proved by the Armenian mathematician Sergei Mergelyan in 1951.
View the Source
Gauss-Lucas theorem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Gauss-Lucas Theorem, Lead sentenceView the Source
Bloch's theorem (complex analysis) (Wikipedia)
Includes: Bloch's Theorem (Complex Analysis), Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Bloch's Theorem (Complex Analysis), Lead sentence
In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, Bloch's theorem describes the behaviour of holomorphic functions defined on the unit
View the Source
Hermann Schwarz (Wikipedia)
Includes: Hermann Schwarz, Lead paragraph [in-branch]
Quote, Includes: Hermann Schwarz, Lead paragraph [in-branch]
complex analysis
View the Source
Joseph Liouville (Wikipedia)
Includes: Joseph Liouville, Lead paragraph [in-branch]
Quote, Includes: Joseph Liouville, Lead paragraph [in-branch]
complex analysis
View the Source
Siméon Denis Poisson (Wikipedia)
Includes: Siméon Denis Poisson, Lead paragraph [in-branch 2]
Quote, Includes: Siméon Denis Poisson, Lead paragraph [in-branch 2]
complex analysis
View the Source
Ernst Leonard Lindelöf (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ernst Leonard Lindelöf, Lead paragraph [in-branch 2]
Quote, Includes: Ernst Leonard Lindelöf, Lead paragraph [in-branch 2]
complex analysis
View the Source
George Pólya (Wikipedia)
Includes: George Pólya, Lead paragraph [in-branch 3]
Quote, Includes: George Pólya, Lead paragraph [in-branch 3]
complex analysis
View the Source
Eugenio Elia Levi (Wikipedia)
Includes: Eugenio Elia Levi, Lead paragraph [in-branch 2]
Quote, Includes: Eugenio Elia Levi, Lead paragraph [in-branch 2]
functions of several complex variables
View the Source
Wikipedia: Gösta Mittag-Leffler
Includes: Gösta Mittag-Leffler, Lead
Quote, Includes: Gösta Mittag-Leffler, Lead
His mathematical contributions are connected chiefly with the theory of functions that today is called complex analysis.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Constantin Carathéodory
Includes: Constantin Carathéodory, Lead
Quote, Includes: Constantin Carathéodory, Lead
He made significant contributions to real and complex analysis, the calculus of variations, and measure theory.
View the Source
Abel's test, Wikipedia
Includes: Abel's Test, Lead paragraph
Quote, Includes: Abel's Test, Lead paragraph
There are two slightly different versions of Abel's test, one is used with series of real numbers, and the other is used with power series in complex analysis.
View the Source
Wolfram MathWorld: Complex Plane
Wolfram MathWorldIncludes: Complex Plane, Subject classifications
Quote, Includes: Complex Plane, Subject classifications
Calculus and Analysis Complex Analysis
View the Source
Wolfram MathWorld: Barnes G-Function
Wolfram MathWorldIncludes: Barnes G-Function, Subject classifications
Quote, Includes: Barnes G-Function, Subject classifications
Calculus and Analysis Complex Analysis
View the Source
Wolfram MathWorld: Schwarz Reflection Principle
Wolfram MathWorldIncludes: Schwarz Reflection Principle, Subject classifications
Quote, Includes: Schwarz Reflection Principle, Subject classifications
Calculus and Analysis Complex Analysis
View the Source
Weierstrass preparation theorem, Wikipedia
Includes: Weierstrass Preparation Theorem, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Weierstrass Preparation Theorem, Lead section
Weierstrass preparation theorem is a tool for dealing with analytic functions of several complex variables, at a given point
View the Source
Möbius Transformation (Wikipedia)
Includes: Möbius Transformation, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Möbius Transformation, Lead section
In geometry and complex analysis, a Möbius transformation of the complex plane
View the Source
Joukowsky transform (Wikipedia)
Includes: Joukowsky transform, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Joukowsky transform, Lead section
transliterated Joukovsky, Joukowski or Zhukovsky) is a conformal map historically used to understand some principles
View the Source
MacTutor biography of Felix Klein, St Andrews
Includes: Felix Klein, Biography
Quote, Includes: Felix Klein, Biography
results in function theory
View the Source
MacTutor biography of Édouard Goursat, St Andrews
Includes: Édouard Goursat, Summary
Quote, Includes: Édouard Goursat, Summary
Édouard Goursat was a French mathematician who is best known for his version of the Cauchy-Goursat theorem stating that the integral of a function round a simple closed contour is zero if the function is analytic inside the contour.
View the Source
Wolfram MathWorld: Riemann's Removable Singularity Theorem -- from Wolfram MathWorld
Wolfram MathWorldIncludes: Riemann's Removable Singularity Theorem, Subject classifications
Quote, Includes: Riemann's Removable Singularity Theorem, Subject classifications
Calculus and Analysis Complex Analysis
View the Source
Edmund Landau, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
Includes: Edmund Landau, Summary
Quote, Includes: Edmund Landau, Summary
Landau gave the first systematic presentation of analytic number theory and wrote important works on the theory of analytic functions of a single variable.
View the Source
Hermann Hankel, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
Includes: Hermann Hankel, Summary
Quote, Includes: Hermann Hankel, Summary
Hermann Hankel was a German mathematician who worked on the theory of complex numbers, the theory of functions and the history of mathematics. He is remembered for the Hankel transform and the Hankel matrix.
View the Source
Paul Koebe, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
Includes: Paul Koebe, Summary
Quote, Includes: Paul Koebe, Summary
Paul Koebe was a German mathematician who worked on complex functions. His colleagues found him brilliant but difficult.
View the Source
Walther von Dyck, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
Includes: Walther von Dyck, Summary
Quote, Includes: Walther von Dyck, Summary
Von Dyck made important contributions to function theory, group theory ( where a fundamental result on group presentations is named after him ) topology and potential theory.
View the Source
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