Graph theory is the study of graphs, mathematical structures of vertices connected by edges, used to model pairwise relations between objects. It originated with Leonhard Euler's 1736 solution to the Seven Bridges of Konigsberg problem, and has grown from a branch of combinatorics into a stand-alone field with applications throughout computer science and network science. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Facts
Central QuestionWhich structural properties of a network of vertices and edges, connectivity, colorability, the existence of an optimal path or cycle, can be established from its combinatorial structure alone, independent of what the vertices and edges are taken to represent? 1 Key DebateWhether graph theory is best understood as a subfield of combinatorics or as a stand-alone branch in its own right; its rapid post-1950s growth, driven by applications in computer science, operations research and network science, gave it a body of problems distinct enough that most mathematicians now treat it as independent. 1 Classification
Pure or AppliedBoth / Interdisciplinary 1 Connections
Associated With
The theorem is already In Branch topology (its long proof history is topological) but its statement, that any planar map can be colored with four colors so that no two bordering regions match, is the textbook graph-coloring result once the map is translated to its dual graph; graph-theory's own key-debate names exactly this kind of colorability question as central to the branch. A second branch tie, not a replacement for the topology one.
Founding problem: the Seven Bridges of Konigsberg, 1736.
Source Graph Theory (Wikipedia)
Includes
Source Tuza's Conjecture (Wikipedia)
Source Vizing's two fundamental papers, appendix with biographical note on Vadim G. Vizing
Source Vizing's Conjecture (Wikipedia)
Source W. T. Tutte (Wikipedia)
Source Wagner's theorem - Wikipedia
Source Wikipedia: Wheel graph
Source Zsolt Tuza (Rényi Institute profile)
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1. Graph Theory (Wikipedia)
WikipediaLead and history sections
the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects
Overview of research areas
Is it true that any map drawn in the plane may have its regions colored with four colors
Overview, on the field's standing
a stand-alone field due to its great growth and distinct from other fields, having its own kind of problems
Lead section, pure or applied classification
In mathematics and computer science, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects.
Associated With: Leonhard Euler, History section
is regarded as the first paper in the history of graph theory
View the Source Petersen Graph (Wikipedia)
Zsolt Tuza (Rényi Institute profile)
Includes: Zsolt Tuza, ProfileQuote, Includes: Zsolt Tuza, Profile
Research department: Graph theory
View the Source Vizing's two fundamental papers, appendix with biographical note on Vadim G. Vizing
Includes: Vadim G. Vizing, NotesQuote, Includes: Vadim G. Vizing, Notes
he is still active in research in graph theory
View the Source De Bruijn-Erdos theorem (graph theory) (Wikipedia)
Includes: De Bruijn-Erdos Theorem (Graph Theory), LeadQuote, Includes: De Bruijn-Erdos Theorem (Graph Theory), Lead
In graph theory, the De Bruijn-Erdős theorem relates graph coloring of an infinite graph to the same problem on its finite subgraphs.
View the Source Zarankiewicz problem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Kővári-Sos-Turán Theorem, Article textQuote, Includes: Kővári-Sos-Turán Theorem, Article text
The Zarankiewicz problem, an unsolved problem in mathematics, asks for the largest possible number of edges in a bipartite graph that has a given number of vertices and has no complete bipartite subgraphs of a given size. It belongs to the field of extremal graph theory, a branch of combinatorics
View the Source 2-factor theorem (Wikipedia)
Includes: 2-Factor Theorem, Article textQuote, Includes: 2-Factor Theorem, Article text
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, the 2-factor theorem, discovered by Julius Petersen, is one of the earliest works in graph theory.
View the Source Reconstruction Conjecture (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Reconstruction Conjecture, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Reconstruction Conjecture, Lead sentence
In graph theory, informally, the reconstruction conjecture says that graphs are determined uniquely by their subgraphs.
View the Source List edge-coloring (Wikipedia)
Includes: List Coloring Conjecture, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: List Coloring Conjecture, Lead sentence
In graph theory, list edge-coloring is a type of graph coloring that combines list coloring and edge coloring.
View the Source Graceful Labeling (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ringel-Kotzig Conjecture, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Ringel-Kotzig Conjecture, Lead sentence
In graph theory, a graceful labeling of a graph with m edges is a labeling of its vertices with some subset of the integers from 0
View the Source Total Coloring (Wikipedia)
Includes: Total Coloring Conjecture, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Total Coloring Conjecture, Lead sentence
In graph theory, total coloring is a type of graph coloring on the vertices and edges of a graph.
View the Source Wikipedia: Complete graph
Includes: Complete Graph, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Complete Graph, Lead sentence
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a complete graph is a simple undirected graph in which every pair of distinct vertices
View the Source Wikipedia: Wheel graph
Includes: Wheel Graph, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Wheel Graph, Lead sentence
In graph theory, a wheel graph is a graph formed by connecting a single universal vertex to all vertices of a cycle.
View the Source De Bruijn graph (Wikipedia)
Includes: De Bruijn Graph, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: De Bruijn Graph, Lead sentence
In graph theory, an n-dimensional De Bruijn graph of m symbols is a directed graph representing overlaps between sequences of symb
View the Source Petersen's theorem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Petersen's Theorem, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Petersen's Theorem, Lead sentence
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, Petersen's theorem, named after Julius Petersen, is one of the earliest results in
View the Source Hamiltonian path (Wikipedia)
Includes: Bondy-Chvatal Theorem, Lead sentence
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a Hamiltonian path (or traceable path) is a path in an undirected or directed graph tha
Includes: Dirac's Theorem, Lead sentence
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a Hamiltonian path (or traceable path) is a path in an undirected or directed graph tha
View the SourceBEST theorem (Wikipedia)
Includes: BEST Theorem, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: BEST Theorem, Lead sentence
In graph theory, a part of discrete mathematics, the BEST theorem gives a product formula for the number of Eulerian circuits in d
View the Source Five color theorem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Five Color Theorem, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Five Color Theorem, Lead sentence
The five color theorem is a result from graph theory that given a plane separated into regions, such as a political map of the cou
View the Source Graph structure theorem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Graph Structure Theorem, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Graph Structure Theorem, Lead sentence
tructure theorem is a major result in the area of graph theory.
View the Source Grinberg's theorem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Grinberg's Theorem, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Grinberg's Theorem, Lead sentence
In graph theory, Grinberg's theorem is a necessary condition for a planar graph to contain a Hamiltonian cycle, based on the lengt
View the Source Equitable coloring (Wikipedia)
Includes: Hajnal-Szemerédi Theorem, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Hajnal-Szemerédi Theorem, Lead sentence
In graph theory, an area of mathematics, an equitable coloring is an assignment of colors to the vertices of an undirected graph,
View the Source Graph Coloring (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Mycielski's Theorem, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Mycielski's Theorem, Lead sentence
In graph theory, graph coloring is a methodic assignment of labels traditionally called "colors" to elements of a graph.
View the Source Planar separator theorem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Planar Separator Theorem, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Planar Separator Theorem, Lead sentence
In graph theory, the planar separator theorem is a form of isoperimetric inequality for planar graphs, that states that any planar
View the Source Graph Isomorphism (Wikipedia)
Includes: Graph Isomorphism, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Graph Isomorphism, Lead sentence
In graph theory, an isomorphism of graphs G and H is a bijection between the vertex sets of G and H f : V ( G ) → V ( H ) such tha
View the Source Heawood Graph (Wikipedia)
Includes: Heawood Graph, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Heawood Graph, Lead sentence
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Heawood graph is an undirected graph with 14 vertices and 21 edges, named after Per
View the Source Graph Automorphism (Wikipedia)
Includes: Graph Automorphism, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Graph Automorphism, Lead sentence
In the mathematical field of graph theory, an automorphism of a graph is a form of symmetry in which the graph is mapped onto itse
View the Source Graph Bandwidth (Wikipedia)
Includes: Graph Bandwidth, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Graph Bandwidth, Lead sentence
In graph theory, the graph bandwidth problem may be visualized as placing the vertices of a given graph at distinct integer positi
View the Source Moser Spindle (Wikipedia)
Includes: Moser Spindle, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Moser Spindle, Lead sentence
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, the Moser spindle (also called the Mosers' spindle or Moser graph) is an undirected grap
View the Source Chromatic Polynomial (Wikipedia)
Includes: Chromatic Polynomial, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Chromatic Polynomial, Lead sentence
nomial is a graph polynomial studied in algebraic graph theory, a branch of mathematics.
View the Source Degree Matrix (Wikipedia)
Includes: Degree Matrix, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Degree Matrix, Lead sentence
In the mathematical field of algebraic graph theory, the degree matrix of an undirected graph is a diagonal matrix which contains
View the Source Goldberg-Seymour Conjecture (Wikipedia)
Erdos-Posa theorem (Wikipedia)
Vizing's Conjecture (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Vizing's Conjecture, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Vizing's Conjecture, Lead sentence
In graph theory, Vizing's conjecture concerns a relation between the domination number and the cartesian product of graphs.
View the Source Tuza's Conjecture (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Tuza's Conjecture, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Tuza's Conjecture, Lead sentence
Tuza's conjecture is an unsolved problem in graph theory, a branch of mathematics, concerning triangles in undirected graphs.
View the Source Lovász conjecture (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia: Erdos-Gyarfas Conjecture
Erdős-Faber-Lovász conjecture (Wikipedia)
Hedetniemi's Conjecture (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Hedetniemi's Conjecture, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Hedetniemi's Conjecture, Lead sentence
In graph theory, Hedetniemi's conjecture, formulated by Stephen T.
View the Source Kahn-Kalai Conjecture (Wikipedia)
Includes: Kahn-Kalai Conjecture, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Kahn-Kalai Conjecture, Lead sentence
rk-Pham Theorem, was a conjecture in the field of graph theory and statistical mechanics, proposed by Jeff Kahn and Gil Kalai in 2
View the Source Ryser's Conjecture (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ryser's Conjecture, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Ryser's Conjecture, Lead sentence
In graph theory, Ryser's conjecture is a conjecture relating the maximum matching size and the minimum transversal size in hypergr
View the Source Sidorenko's Conjecture (Wikipedia)
Includes: Sidorenko's Conjecture, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Sidorenko's Conjecture, Lead sentence
re is a major conjecture in the field of extremal graph theory, posed by Alexander Sidorenko in 1986.
View the Source Erdos-Hajnal Conjecture (Wikipedia)
Turan's Theorem (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation- Includes: Turan Graph, Lead sentence
- Includes: Mantel's Theorem, Lead sentence
View the Source Kneser graph (Wikipedia)
Includes: Kneser Graph, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Kneser Graph, Lead sentence
In graph theory, the Kneser graph K(n, k) (alternatively KGn,k) is the graph whose vertices correspond to the k-element subsets of
View the Source Handshaking Lemma (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Handshaking Lemma, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Handshaking Lemma, Lead sentence
In graph theory, the handshaking lemma is the statement that, in every finite undirected graph, the number of vertices that touch
View the Source Szemeredi regularity lemma, Wikipedia
Friendship graph (Wikipedia)
Includes: Friendship Theorem, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Friendship Theorem, Lead sentence
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the friendship graph (or Dutch windmill graph or n-fan) Fn is a planar, undirected grap
View the Source Wagner's theorem - Wikipedia
Includes: Wagner's Theorem, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Wagner's Theorem, Lead sentence
In graph theory, Wagner's theorem is a mathematical forbidden graph characterization of planar graphs, named after Klaus Wagner, s
View the Source Berge's Theorem (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Berge's Theorem, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Berge's Theorem, Lead sentence
In graph theory, Berge's theorem states that a matching M in a graph G is maximum (contains the largest possible number of edges)
View the Source Erdos-Stone theorem, Wikipedia
Nash-Williams theorem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Nash-Williams Formula, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Nash-Williams Formula, Lead sentence
In graph theory, the Nash-Williams theorem is a tree-packing theorem that describes how many edge-disjoint spanning trees (and mor
View the Source Fary's theorem (Wikipedia)
Kotzig's theorem, Wikipedia
Includes: Kotzig's Theorem, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Kotzig's Theorem, Lead sentence
In graph theory and polyhedral combinatorics, areas of mathematics, Kotzig's theorem is the statement that every polyhedral graph
View the Source Approximate max-flow min-cut theorem (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Approximate Max-Flow Min-Cut Theorem, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Approximate Max-Flow Min-Cut Theorem, Lead sentence
In graph theory, approximate max-flow min-cut theorems concern the relationship between the maximum flow rate (max-flow) and the m
View the Source Grotzsch's theorem (Wikipedia)
Perfect graph theorem (Wikipedia)
Heawood conjecture (Wikipedia)
Schnyder's theorem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Schnyder's Theorem, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Schnyder's Theorem, Lead sentence
In graph theory, Schnyder's theorem is a characterization of planar graphs in terms of the order dimension of their incidence pose
View the Source Strong perfect graph theorem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Strong Perfect Graph Theorem, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Strong Perfect Graph Theorem, Lead sentence
In graph theory, the strong perfect graph theorem is a forbidden graph characterization of the perfect graphs as being exactly the
View the Source Grötzsch Graph (Wikipedia)
Treewidth (Wikipedia)
Includes: Treewidth, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Treewidth, Lead sentence
In graph theory, the treewidth of an undirected graph is an integer number which specifies, informally, how far the graph is from
View the Source Lovász Number (Wikipedia)
Euler Tour Technique (Wikipedia)
Includes: Euler Tour Technique, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Euler Tour Technique, Lead sentence
(ETT), named after Leonhard Euler, is a method in graph theory for representing trees.
View the Source Betweenness Centrality (Wikipedia)
Includes: Betweenness Centrality, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Betweenness Centrality, Lead sentence
In graph theory, betweenness centrality is a measure of centrality in a graph based on shortest paths.
View the Source W. T. Tutte (Wikipedia)
Includes: W. T. Tutte, Lead paragraph [in-branch]Quote, Includes: W. T. Tutte, Lead paragraph [in-branch]
graph theory
View the Source Dénes Kőnig (Wikipedia)
Includes: Dénes Kőnig, Lead paragraphQuote, Includes: Dénes Kőnig, Lead paragraph
graph theory
View the Source Julius Petersen (Wikipedia)
Includes: Julius Petersen, Lead paragraph [in-branch]Quote, Includes: Julius Petersen, Lead paragraph [in-branch]
graph theory
View the Source Heinrich Tietze (Wikipedia)
Includes: Heinrich Tietze, Lead paragraph [in-branch 3]Quote, Includes: Heinrich Tietze, Lead paragraph [in-branch 3]
Tietze's graph
View the Source Klaus Wagner (Wikipedia)
Includes: Klaus Wagner, Lead paragraph [in-branch]Quote, Includes: Klaus Wagner, Lead paragraph [in-branch]
graph theory
View the Source Wikipedia: Rudolf Halin
Includes: Rudolf Halin, LeadQuote, Includes: Rudolf Halin, Lead
was a German graph theorist
View the Source Wikipedia: Neil Robertson
Includes: Neil Robertson, LeadQuote, Includes: Neil Robertson, Lead
is a mathematician working mainly in topological graph theory
View the Source Wikipedia: Paul Seymour
Includes: Paul Seymour, LeadQuote, Includes: Paul Seymour, Lead
known for his work in discrete mathematics, especially graph theory
View the Source Wikipedia: Bruno Courcelle
Includes: Bruno Courcelle, LeadQuote, Includes: Bruno Courcelle, Lead
best known for Courcelle's theorem in graph theory
View the Source Wikipedia: Percy John Heawood
Includes: Percy John Heawood, LeadQuote, Includes: Percy John Heawood, Lead
who concentrated on graph colouring
View the Source Claude Berge (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Claude Berge, LeadQuote, Includes: Claude Berge, Lead
Claude Jacques Berge (5 June 1926-30 June 2002) was a French mathematician, recognized as one of the modern founders of combinatorics and graph theory.
View the Source Wikipedia: Tibor Gallai
Includes: Tibor Gallai, LeadQuote, Includes: Tibor Gallai, Lead
He worked in combinatorics, especially in graph theory, and was a lifelong friend and collaborator of Paul Erdős.
View the Source Wikipedia: Gerhard Ringel
Includes: Gerhard Ringel, LeadQuote, Includes: Gerhard Ringel, Lead
He was one of the pioneers in graph theory and contributed significantly to the proof of the Heawood conjecture (now the Ringel-Youngs theorem), a mathematical problem closely linked with the four color theorem.
View the Source Wikipedia: Kazimierz Kuratowski
Includes: Kazimierz Kuratowski, LeadQuote, Includes: Kazimierz Kuratowski, Lead
He is primarily known for his contributions to set theory, topology, measure theory and graph theory.
View the Source Wikipedia: R. Leonard Brooks
Includes: R. Leonard Brooks, LeadQuote, Includes: R. Leonard Brooks, Lead
Rowland Leonard Brooks (February 6, 1916, June 18, 1993) was an English mathematician, known for proving Brooks's theorem on the relation between the chromatic number and the degree of graphs.
View the Source Hydra game (Wikipedia)
Includes: Hydra Game, Lead paragraphQuote, Includes: Hydra Game, Lead paragraph
In mathematics, specifically in graph theory and number theory, a hydra game is a single-player iterative mathematical game played on a mathematical tree called a "hydra" where the player's goal is to "kill" the hydra by removing its nodes ("heads") one-by-one while the hydra simultaneously expands itself (this resembles a battle between Hercules and the Lernaean Hydra, hence the name).
View the Source Algebraic connectivity (Wikipedia)
Includes: Algebraic connectivity, Lead paragraphQuote, Includes: Algebraic connectivity, Lead paragraph
The algebraic connectivity (also known as Fiedler value or Fiedler eigenvalue after Miroslav Fiedler) of a graph G is the second-smallest eigenvalue (counting multiple eigenvalues separately) of the Laplacian matrix of G.
View the Source Wolfram MathWorld: Crossing Number
Wolfram MathWorldIncludes: Crossing Number (Graph Theory), Subject classificationsQuote, Includes: Crossing Number (Graph Theory), Subject classifications
Discrete Mathematics Graph Theory
View the Source Wolfram MathWorld: Binary Tree
Wolfram MathWorldIncludes: Binary Tree, Subject classificationsQuote, Includes: Binary Tree, Subject classifications
Discrete Mathematics Graph Theory
View the Source Wolfram MathWorld: Cycle Double Cover Conjecture
Wolfram MathWorldIncludes: Cycle Double Cover Conjecture, Subject classificationsQuote, Includes: Cycle Double Cover Conjecture, Subject classifications
Discrete Mathematics Graph Theory
View the Source Wolfram MathWorld: Hadwiger Conjecture
Wolfram MathWorldIncludes: Hadwiger Conjecture, Subject classificationsQuote, Includes: Hadwiger Conjecture, Subject classifications
Discrete Mathematics Graph Theory
View the Source Thrackle (Wikipedia)
Includes: Conway's Thrackle Conjecture, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Conway's Thrackle Conjecture, Lead section
A thrackle is an embedding of a graph in the plane in which each edge is a Jordan arc
View the Source Crossing Number Inequality (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Crossing Number Inequality, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Crossing Number Inequality, Lead section
In the mathematics of graph drawing, the crossing number inequality or crossing
View the Source Ihara Zeta Function (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ihara Zeta Function, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Ihara Zeta Function, Lead section
zeta function is a zeta function associated with a finite graph. It closely resembles the Selberg zeta function
View the Source MacTutor biography of Øystein Ore, St Andrews
Includes: Øystein Ore, BiographyQuote, Includes: Øystein Ore, Biography
who worked in ring theory, Galois theory and graph theory
View the Source Alfréd Rényi, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
Includes: Alfréd Rényi, SummaryQuote, Includes: Alfréd Rényi, Summary
Alfréd Rényi was a Hungarian mathematician who worked in probability theory, combinatorics, graph theory and number theory.
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