Perelman's proof draws essentially on differential geometry and partial differential equations through the Ricci flow, alongside the topological statement of the conjecture itself.
Additional Source Poincare Conjecture (Wikipedia)Lead section
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Source Poncelet-Steiner theorem (Wikipedia)
Source MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
Source Wolfram MathWorld
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Source Wolfram MathWorld: Pythagorean Triple
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Source Wikipedia: Real projective plane
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Source Wolfram MathWorld: Reflection
Source Reinhold Baer, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica, Mathematics
Source Wolfram MathWorld: Reuleaux Triangle
Source Rhombic dodecahedron (Wikipedia)
Source Rigid Transformation (Wikipedia)
Source Robert Simson, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
Source Wolfram MathWorld: Rodrigues' Rotation Formula
Source Routh's theorem - Wikipedia
Source Saccheri-Legendre theorem (Wikipedia)
Source Wolfram MathWorld: Schwarz Lantern
Source Shear Mapping (Wikipedia)
Source Wolfram MathWorld: Shoelace Formula -- from Wolfram MathWorld
Source Wikipedia: Sierpinski carpet
Source Simson line - Wikipedia
Source Six circles theorem (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Small stellated dodecahedron
Source Spherinder (Wikipedia)
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Source Wolfram MathWorld: Squircle
Source Stefan Cohn-Vossen, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
Source Steiner-Lehmus theorem, Wikipedia
Source Tammes Problem, Wikipedia
Source Tangent-secant theorem (Wikipedia)
Source Taxicab Geometry (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Tetrahedron
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Source Tobias Mayer, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
Source Wolfram MathWorld: Transformation
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