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Branches of Mathematic

Dynamical Systems

Dynamical Systems and Differential Equations

A dynamical system is the description of how a system evolves in time, under a fixed rule applied to a point in a state space. The branch studies the long-run behaviour of such systems, including their trajectories, stability, periodicity, and chaos, with applications across mathematics, physics, biology, chemistry, engineering, economics, history, and medicine. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Facts
Central Question
Given a fixed rule for how a system's state changes from moment to moment, what can be said about its long-run behaviour, stability, periodicity, or unpredictability? 1
Key Debate
A fully deterministic dynamical system can still be practically unpredictable. Edward Lorenz summarized the tension this creates for the field: chaos is when the present determines the future but the approximate present does not approximately determine the future. 2
Classification
Pure or Applied
Both / Interdisciplinary 1
Connections

Associated With

Source Dynamical System (Wikipedia)
Source Henri Poincare (Wikipedia)

Includes

Source Wikipedia: Aleksandr Lyapunov
Source Wolfram MathWorld: Arnold's Cat Map
Attractor, Concepts
Source Wikipedia: Baker's map
Source Burning Ship fractal (Wikipedia)
Source Standard map (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Chua's circuit
Source Wolfram MathWorld: Codimension
Source Conway's Game of Life (Wikipedia)
Source Curtis-Hedlund-Lyndon theorem, Wikipedia
Source Wikipedia: Feigenbaum constants
Source Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou Problem (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: George David Birkhoff
Source Wikipedia: Heinz Hopf
Source Wikipedia: Henon map
Source Ikeda map (Wikipedia)
Source Iterated Function (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: John Milnor
Source Julia Set (Wikipedia)
Source Kuramoto model (Wikipedia)
Source Logistic map, Wikipedia
Source Lorenz System (Wikipedia)
Source Mandelbrot Set (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Michel Hénon
Phase Space, Concepts
Source Poincare recurrence theorem (Wikipedia)
Source Poincare-Bendixson Theorem (Wikipedia)
Source Rule 110 (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Tent map
Source Topological Entropy (Wikipedia)
Source Translation Surface (Wikipedia)
Source Van der Pol oscillator (Wikipedia)
Source Vladimir Arnold, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
Sources
1. Dynamical System (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationLead paragraph
Quote, Lead paragraph
has applications to a wide variety of fields such as mathematics, physics, biology, chemistry, engineering, economics, history, and medicine
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2. Chaos Theory (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundationlead, definition of chaos
Quote, lead, definition of chaos
Chaos: When the present determines the future but the approximate present does not approximately determine the future.
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Henri Poincare (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Henri Poincaré, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: Henri Poincaré, Lead section
In his research on the three-body problem, Poincaré became the first person to discover a chaotic deterministic system which laid the foundations of modern chaos theory.
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Mandelbrot Set (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Mandelbrot SetView the Source
Julia Set (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Julia SetView the Source
Lorenz System (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Lorenz AttractorView the Source
Kuramoto model (Wikipedia)
Includes: Kuramoto Model, Lead
Quote, Includes: Kuramoto Model, Lead
is a mathematical model used in describing synchronization
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Standard map (Wikipedia)
Includes: Chirikov Standard Map, Lead
Quote, Includes: Chirikov Standard Map, Lead
is an area-preserving chaotic map
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Wikipedia: Baker's map
Includes: Baker's Map, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Baker's Map, Lead sentence
In dynamical systems theory, the baker's map is a chaotic map from the unit square into itself.
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Van der Pol oscillator (Wikipedia)
Includes: Van der Pol Oscillator, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Van der Pol Oscillator, Lead sentence
In the study of dynamical systems, the van der Pol oscillator (named for Dutch physicist Balthasar van der Pol) is a non-conservat
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Poincare-Bendixson Theorem (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Poincare-Bendixson Theorem, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Poincare-Bendixson Theorem, Lead sentence
t the long-term behaviour of orbits of continuous dynamical systems on the plane, cylinder, or two-sphere.
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Poincare recurrence theorem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Poincare Recurrence Theorem, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Poincare Recurrence Theorem, Lead sentence
currence Theorem is a foundational result in both dynamical systems and statistical mechanics.
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Wikipedia: Michel Hénon
Includes: Michel Hénon, Lead
Quote, Includes: Michel Hénon, Lead
he is well known for the Hénon map, a simple discrete dynamical system that exhibits chaotic behavior
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Wikipedia: George David Birkhoff
Includes: George David Birkhoff, Lead
Quote, Includes: George David Birkhoff, Lead
He made valuable contributions to the theory of differential equations, dynamical systems
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Wikipedia: John Milnor
Includes: John Milnor, Lead
Quote, Includes: John Milnor, Lead
John Willard Milnor (born February 20, 1931) is an American mathematician known for his work in differential topology, algebraic K-theory and low-dimensional holomorphic dynamical systems.
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Wikipedia: Heinz Hopf
Includes: Heinz Hopf, Lead
Quote, Includes: Heinz Hopf, Lead
Heinz Hopf (19 November 1894-3 June 1971) was a German mathematician who worked on the fields of dynamical systems, topology and geometry. == Early life and education == Hopf was born in Gräbschen, German Empire (now Grabiszyn, part of Wrocław, Poland), the son of Elizabeth (née Kirchner) and Wilh
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Wikipedia: Aleksandr Lyapunov
WikipediaIncludes: Aleksandr Lyapunov, Lead paragraph
Quote, Includes: Aleksandr Lyapunov, Lead paragraph
Lyapunov is known for his development of the stability theory of a dynamical system, as well as for his many contributions to mathematical physics and probability theory.
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Logistic map, Wikipedia
Includes: Logistic Map, Lead paragraph
Quote, Includes: Logistic Map, Lead paragraph
The logistic map is a discrete dynamical system defined by the quadratic difference equation It is a recurrence relation and a polynomial mapping of degree 2.
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Wikipedia: Henon map
Includes: Henon Map, Lead paragraph
Quote, Includes: Henon Map, Lead paragraph
In mathematics, the Hénon map is a discrete-time dynamical system.
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Wikipedia: Tent map
Includes: Tent Map, Lead paragraph
Quote, Includes: Tent Map, Lead paragraph
For the values of the parameter μ within 0 and 2, fμ maps the unit interval [0, 1] into itself, thus defining a discrete-time dynamical system on it (equivalently, a recurrence relation).
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Ikeda map (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ikeda Map, Lead paragraph
Quote, Includes: Ikeda Map, Lead paragraph
In chaos theory, the Ikeda map is a discrete-time dynamical system that produces a strange attractor.
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Translation Surface (Wikipedia)
Includes: Translation Surface, Lead paragraph
Quote, Includes: Translation Surface, Lead paragraph
These surfaces arise in dynamical systems where they can be used to model billiards, and in Teichmüller theory.
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Topological Entropy (Wikipedia)
Includes: Topological Entropy, Lead paragraph
Quote, Includes: Topological Entropy, Lead paragraph
In mathematics, the topological entropy of a topological dynamical system is a nonnegative extended real number that is a measure of the complexity of the system.
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Wolfram MathWorld: Codimension
Wolfram MathWorldIncludes: Codimension, Subject classifications
Quote, Includes: Codimension, Subject classifications
Calculus and Analysis Dynamical Systems
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Wolfram MathWorld: Arnold's Cat Map
Wolfram MathWorldIncludes: Arnold's Cat Map, Subject classifications
Quote, Includes: Arnold's Cat Map, Subject classifications
Calculus and Analysis Dynamical Systems
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Wikipedia: Chua's circuit
Includes: Chua's Circuit, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Chua's Circuit, Lead section
is a simple electronic circuit that exhibits classic chaotic behavior. This means roughly that it is a "nonperiodic
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Rule 110 (Wikipedia)
Includes: Rule 110, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Rule 110, Lead section
interesting behavior on the boundary between stability and chaos. In this respect, it is similar to Conway's Game
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Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou Problem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou Problem, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou Problem, Lead section
the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem was the apparent paradox in chaos theory that many complicated enough physical
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Burning Ship fractal (Wikipedia)
Includes: Burning Ship fractal, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Burning Ship fractal, Lead section
The Burning Ship fractal, first described and created by Michael Michelitsch
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Conway's Game of Life (Wikipedia)
Includes: Conway's Game of Life, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Conway's Game of Life, Lead section
Life (sometimes abbreviated as CGoL) or simply Life, is a cellular automaton devised by the British mathematician John Horton
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Wikipedia: Feigenbaum constants
Includes: Feigenbaum Constants, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Feigenbaum Constants, Lead section
In mathematics, specifically bifurcation theory, the Feigenbaum constants δ and α are two mathematical
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Curtis-Hedlund-Lyndon theorem, Wikipedia
Includes: Curtis-Hedlund-Lyndon Theorem, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Curtis-Hedlund-Lyndon Theorem, Lead section
characterization of cellular automata in terms of their symbolic dynamics. It is named after Morton L. Curtis, Gustav A.
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Iterated Function (Wikipedia)
Includes: Iterated function, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Iterated function, Lead section
an iterated function is a function that is obtained by composing another function with itself two or several times. The process of repeatedly
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Vladimir Arnold, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
Includes: Vladimir Arnold, Summary
Quote, Includes: Vladimir Arnold, Summary
Vladimir Arnold is a Ukrainian-born mathematician who won a Wolf prize for his work on dynamical systems, differential equations and singularity theory.
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